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Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych ((ウクライナ語:Ві́ктор Фе́дорович Януко́вич), ; ; born 9 July 1950) is a Ukrainian politician who served as the fourth President of Ukraine from February 2010 until his removal from power in February 2014. Yanukovych served as the governor of Donetsk Oblast, a province in eastern Ukraine, from 1997 to 2002. He was Prime Minister of Ukraine from 21 November 2002 to 31 December 2004, under President Leonid Kuchma. Yanukovych first ran for president in 2004: he advanced to the runoff election, and initially defeated his opponent. However, the election was fraught with allegations of fraud and voter intimidation. This caused widespread citizen protests and Kiev's Independence Square was occupied in what became known as the Orange Revolution. The Ukrainian Supreme Court nullified the runoff election, and ordered a second runoff. Yanukovych lost this second runoff election to Viktor Yushchenko. Yanukovych served as Prime Minister for a second time from 4 August 2006 to 18 December 2007, under President Yushchenko. Yanukovych was elected president in 2010, defeating Yulia Tymoshenko. November 2013 saw the beginning of a series of events that led to his ousting as president. Yanukovych rejected a pending EU association agreement, choosing instead to pursue a Russian loan bailout and closer ties with Russia. This led to popular protests and the occupation of Kiev's Independence Square, a series of events dubbed the "Euromaidan" by young pro-European Union Ukrainians. In January 2014, this developed into deadly clashes in Independence Square and in other areas across Ukraine, as Ukrainian citizens confronted the Berkut and other special police units. In February 2014, Ukraine appeared to be on the brink of civil war, as violent clashes between protesters and special police forces led to many deaths and injuries.〔("Ukraine: Speaker Oleksandr Turchynov named interim president" ), BBC News (23 February 2014) ("Ukraine protests timeline" ), BBC News (23 February 2014)〕 On 21 February 2014, Yanukovych claimed that, after lengthy discussions, he had reached an agreement with the opposition. Later that day, however, he fled the capital for Kharkiv, travelling next to Crimea, and eventually to exile in southern Russia.〔 On 22 February, the Ukrainian parliament voted to remove him from his post, on the grounds that he was unable to fulfill his duties.〔 Although the legislative removal by an impeachment procedure would have lacked the number of votes required by Ukraine's then-current constitution, the resolution did not follow the impeachment procedure but instead established that Yanukovych "withdrew from his duties in an unconstitutional manner" and citing "circumstances of extreme urgency",〔〔 a situation for which there was no stipulation in the then-current Ukrainian constitution. Parliament set 25 May as the date for the special election to select his replacement,〔("Постанова про усунення і результати голосування по ній на сайті верховної ради України" ) 〕 and, two days later, issued a warrant for his arrest, accusing him of "mass killing of civilians."〔 Since his departure, Yanukovych has conducted several press conferences. In one of these, he has declared himself to remain "the legitimate head of the Ukrainian state elected in a free vote by Ukrainian citizens". On 3 October 2014, several news agencies reported that according to a Facebook post made by the aide to the Ukrainian Interior Minister, Anton Gerashchenko, Viktor Yanukovych had been granted Russian citizenship by a "secret decree" of Vladimir Putin. On the same day, Russian presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that he didn't know anything about this and hadn't seen such a decree. In January 2015, Interpol placed Yanukovych on its wanted list.〔(Ukraine ex-leader Yanukovych wanted by Interpol ), BBC News (12 January 2015)〕 On 16 July 2015, Yanukovych was removed from this list with the Red Notice request for Yanukovich from the Ukrainian government pending further review.〔(INTERPOL issues Red Notices for former Ukrainian leaders ), Interpol (16 July 2015)〕 On 18 June 2015, Yanukovych was officially deprived of the title of President of Ukraine.〔(Published law deprives Yanukovych of presidential rank ), UNIAN (17 June 2015)〕 ==Early life and career== Viktor Yanukovych was born in the village of Zhukovka near Yenakiieve in Donetsk Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. He endured a very hard childhood about which he has stated, "My childhood was difficult and hungry. I grew up without my mother who died when I was two. I went around bare-footed on the streets. I had to fight for myself every day."〔("Ukraine's 'Orange villain' seeks last laugh" ), ''U.K. Telegraph'' online (12 January 2010)〕 Yanukovych is of Russian, Polish,〔(Wojciechowski, M. ''Janukowycz zmienia konstytucję Ukrainy, przedłuża sobie kadencję i podkreśla polskie korzenie''. ) "Gazeta Wyborcza". Kiev, 02/2011.〕 and Belarusian descent. Yanukovych is a surname of Belarusian origin;〔 Бiрыла, М. В. (1966). ''Беларуская антрапанiмiя. Уласныя iмёны, iмёны-мянушкi, iмёны па бацьку, прозвiшчы.'' Мiнск: Навука i тэхнiка. с. 85–86.〕 ''Yanuk''〔Unbegaun, B. O. (1972). ''Russian Surnames.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press. 529 p.〕〔 Усціновіч, Г. К. (1975). ''Антрапанімія Гродзеншчыны і Брэстчыны (ХІV—ХVІІІ стст.).'' Мiнск: Навука і тэхніка. с. 89–106.〕 being a derivative of the Catholic name ''Yan'' ("John").〔〔 Ластоўскі, В. (1924). ''Падручны Расійска-Крыўскі (Беларускі) слоўнік.'' Коўна. c. 761–767.〕〔 Шур, В. В. (2010). ''Уласнае імя ў мастацкім тэксце.'' с. 93.〕 His mother was a Russian nurse and his father was a Polish-Belarusian locomotive driver, originally from Yanuki, Vitsebsk Voblast. By the time he was a teenager, Yanukovych had lost both his parents and was brought up by his Polish paternal grandmother, originally from Warsaw. His grandfather and great-grandparents were Lithuanian-Poles. Yanukovych has half-sisters from his father's remarriage, but has no contact with them.〔 ("Прємьєр-міністр" Янукович, или неофициальная биография для тех, кто подзабыл ), Ukrayinska Pravda (4 August 2006)〕 There are rumors that Yanukovych could be an out of marriage son of Georgiy Beregovoy.〔Vinogradova, E. ''(Fyodor Yanukovych found out that he was not a real father to Viktor who was six months old ). Fakty. 12 May 2014〕 Those rumors became more realistic after some documents showed that Fedir (Fyodor) Yanukovych until 1944 lived in Belarus.〔 On 15 December 1967, at the age of 17, Yanukovych was sentenced to three years incarceration for participating in a robbery and assault. On 8 June 1970, he was convicted for a second time on charges of assault. He was sentenced to two years of imprisonment and did not appeal against the verdict. Decades later, Yanukovych characterized his arrests and incarceration as "mistakes of youth". In 1971 Yanukovych married Lyudmyla〔("First ladies of Ukraine" ), ITAR-TASS (6 June 2014)〕 (née Nastenko) who was a niece of Yenakiyeve city judge Oleksandr Sazhyn.〔Kazmirenko, Y. ''(From where started Yanukovych ). Gazeta po-kievsky. 25 February 2010〕 In July 1974, Yanukovych enrolled at the Donetsk Polytechnic Institute. In 1976, as a second-year student, he was promoted to director of a small trucking division within the ''Ordzhonikidzeugol'' coal mining company.〔("Public image of Yanukovych" ). Pravda.com.ua.〕 In 1980, immediately upon graduating as an automobile mechanical engineer, Yanukovych was appointed chief manager of a transportation company in Yenakiieve and admitted to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. His appointment as the chief manager marked the start of his managerial career as a regional transport executive, a position in which he served for two decades.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Viktor Yanukovych」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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